Perak: Thorough preparation, discipline and the ability to remain calm are among the most important factors that hikers should pay attention to in order to avoid getting lost or facing emergencies in mountainous areas, according to a mountain guide.

According to BERNAMA News Agency, Perak Forestry Mountain Guide Muzafar Mohamad emphasized that common mistakes made by hikers include underestimating the difficulty of a trail, failing to plan their journey properly, and not carrying basic emergency equipment. Items such as a whistle, torchlight, first-aid kit, GPS tracker, and extra food supplies should be considered essential equipment for every hiker.

"A whistle, for example, is extremely important because it helps rescue teams locate victims, especially when visibility is limited," Muzafar explained, noting that exhausted hikers may find it challenging to shout for help, making a whistle a potential lifesaver.

Muzafar pointed out that even experienced hikers cannot always handle every situation, as each mountain presents its own challenges in terms of terrain, weather, and difficulty. He stressed the importance of hiring mountain guides in Malaysia to ensure safety, except in areas where such services are not mandatory.

With the rise of compressed or short-duration hiking trends, Muzafar highlighted the need for meticulous planning due to the reduced travel period, which increases the margin for error. He emphasized the importance of logistical planning, physical fitness, and risk management.

Regarding search and rescue (SAR) operations, Muzafar identified communication constraints as a major challenge in mountainous areas, as comprehensive telecommunications coverage is often lacking. This situation complicates both victims' ability to seek help and SAR teams' coordination efforts.

For survival in the forest, Muzafar advised maintaining calmness to make clear decisions, avoiding panic which can escalate safety risks. He stressed the critical nature of water, recommending hikers carry water filters or purification tablets to ensure the safety of water from natural sources.

He also advised lost hikers to minimize physical activity to prevent dehydration and to stay close to their original location to aid search efforts. Muzafar commented on the ongoing search operation for Jaslinda Saludin, who went missing on Gunung Batu Putih, noting that SAR teams had covered extensive areas without success but remained hopeful for a positive outcome.