Bandar sunway: Osteoporosis, often referred to as the 'silent disease', can gradually weaken bones without obvious symptoms until serious fractures occur, and the condition is becoming increasingly concerning in Malaysia due to changes in diet and lifestyle.
According to BERNAMA News Agency, Consultant Geriatrician at Sunway Medical Centre, Dr Edward Chong Kah Chun highlighted that most patients only realise they have osteoporosis after suffering a fragility fracture, which is a fracture caused by a minor fall or low-impact injury that would not normally damage healthy bones. Dr Chong explained that osteoporosis does not cause pain or clear warning signs until it is too late, and by the time a fragility fracture occurs, the disease has already caused significant damage.
Dr Chong detailed that fragility fractures commonly occur at the hip, spine, and wrist, each with serious consequences. He emphasized that hip fractures are the most severe as they often result in prolonged loss of mobility, and based on global data, one in four patients is at risk of dying within a year after a hip fracture due to complications.
Beyond physical effects, Dr Chong noted that osteoporosis also has emotional consequences, as patients often develop a fear of falling, which limits movement and increases the risk of muscle weakness and social isolation. He pointed out that the rising incidence of osteoporosis in Malaysia is influenced by dietary and lifestyle factors, including inadequate calcium intake and vitamin D deficiency due to limited exposure to sunlight.
Despite Malaysia's tropical climate, many people avoid sun exposure, Dr Chong mentioned, adding that vitamin D is crucial for calcium absorption and bone health. He also warned that while women are at higher risk after menopause, men are also not exempt.
On screening, Dr Chong stated that the Malaysian Clinical Practice Guidelines 2022 recommend immediate screening for individuals who experience low-trauma fractures, as well as women aged 50 and above and men aged 70 and above. He added that screening using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan is the standard, simple, and non-invasive test to measure bone mineral density, allowing treatment to begin before serious fractures occur.
Dr Chong outlined that osteoporosis treatment includes adequate nutrition, regular physical activity, and medication depending on the severity of the disease. He recommended an intake of about 1,000 milligrams of calcium and 800 IU of vitamin D daily, along with exercises such as walking, light weight training, and Tai Chi to improve bone strength and balance.
He also stressed the role of family members in prevention, including ensuring a safe home environment and encouraging older adults to remain active. Dr Chong concluded that osteoporosis prevention begins at a young age, with strong bones built over a lifetime forming the foundation for independence and mobility in later years.