Kuala Lumpur: Last year alone, pneumonia accounted for 18,181 deaths in Malaysia, making up 15.2 per cent of all medically certified fatalities, yet many still assume it to be a minor complication of the flu. In reality, pneumococcal pneumonia, caused by the Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria, is a life-threatening lung infection that can strike suddenly and escalate rapidly.

According to BERNAMA News Agency, Lung Foundation of Malaysia chairman Prof Dr Roslina Abdul Manap stated that, for the first time in over two decades, pneumonia has overtaken heart disease as the leading cause of death in Malaysia, yet it is often overlooked. She highlighted that Malaysia’s population is ageing at an unprecedented rate, with 11.6 per cent of Malaysians aged 60 and above in 2024, a figure projected to reach 23.4 per cent by 2050.

“This demographic shift presents a significant public health challenge, as older individuals are more susceptible to severe respiratory infections. Pneumococcal pneumonia is especially dangerous for seniors, as their immune systems are weaker, and symptoms may not be as obvious as in younger adults,” Dr Roslina said in a statement to Bernama. This delayed recognition can lead to severe complications, hospitalisation, and even death.

Dr Roslina emphasized that even healthy individuals are at risk due to the natural weakening of the immune system as one ages, making it harder to fight off infections like pneumococcal pneumonia. “Once the bacteria invade the lungs and bloodstream, they can cause serious illness. Older adults are at greater risk of serious illness and death resulting from pneumococcal pneumonia compared to younger adults,” she said.

Individuals with medical conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, or chronic lung conditions are also at greater risk. “Those with weakened immune systems due to illness or medical treatments are particularly vulnerable,” she noted.

While influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia may share some symptoms, the latter is more severe and often harder to detect, with patients possibly developing a high fever, persistent cough with phlegm, difficulty breathing, and chest pain. “In some cases, confusion or extreme fatigue may be the only signs, particularly in older adults. Both influenza and pneumococcal pneumonia can be serious, however pneumococcal pneumonia is generally considered more severe and potentially life-threatening,” she added.

Dr Roslina explained that pneumococcal pneumonia can strike at any time of the year, spreading through airborne droplets from coughing or sneezing, making high-density environments such as airports, crowded public spaces, and even hospitals potential hotspots for transmission. “Pneumonia is also a significant health concern during haj gatherings, often considered the leading cause of hospitalisation among pilgrims due to the high level of overcrowding, close contact, and potential for airborne transmission of respiratory infections in these large mass gatherings.”

She advised Malaysians to consult their doctors to get vaccinated against pneumococcal pneumonia, especially with an increasing number of people getting flu shots ahead of the travel season.

Dr Roslina mentioned that studies showed that co-administration of the flu and pneumococcal vaccines is safe and effective, providing broader protection against respiratory infections. “Travellers who receive both flu and pneumococcal vaccines are less likely to suffer from severe respiratory infections during or after their trips,” she stated.

Beyond health protection, the Malaysian government is offering financial incentives for vaccination, allowing individuals to claim up to RM1,000 in tax relief under the latest framework for vaccination expenses for themselves, their spouse, children, parents, or grandparents, covering several vaccines, including pneumococcal vaccination.

Dr Roslina concluded that pneumococcal pneumonia remains a serious but preventable disease, urging Malaysians to take proactive steps to protect themselves and their loved ones through vaccination. “Prevention is always better than treatment. A simple vaccine can save lives, reduce hospitalisations, and provide peace of mind,” she added.