Kuala Lumpur: The phrase ‘bahasa jiwa bangsa’ (‘language is the soul of a nation’) is often quoted, but how well do Malaysians truly understand both the literal and deeper meaning behind this proverb? Generally interpreted to mean that language reflects a nation’s identity, the Federal Constitution-under Article 152-stipulates that the national language of Malaysia is Bahasa Melayu, which implies that all citizens-across races and cultures-should prioritise its use in their communication.
According to BERNAMA News Agency, Bahasa Melayu, as a symbol of national identity, does not represent the Malay ethnic group alone but serves as a unifying force for all Malaysians on the global stage, regardless of race or background, as long as Malaysia is their homeland. However, judging by the current situation, it is not difficult to surmise that many Malaysians are increasingly unfamiliar with both the meaning of the proverb and the provisions of Article 152. This is evident in the tendency of many, especially the younger generation, to favour foreign languages over upholding Bahasa Melayu.
This concern has not gone unnoticed by Prime Minister Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim, who has previously criticised certain segments of society for glorifying the English language. He has also instructed that all official communications involving government departments and agencies be conducted entirely in Bahasa Melayu.
Senior lecturer at the Faculty of Languages and Linguistics, Universiti Malaya (UM) Dr Norfaizal Jamain acknowledged that the use of Bahasa Melayu among today’s youth has diminished, as many do not speak the language regularly in their daily lives. He said the evolution of time has altered the landscape of the Malay language usage, leading the younger generation to feel more comfortable and inclined to use English for communication.
Citing the prime minister’s statement as being well-founded, Norfaizal noted that there are segments of society-particularly among the elite-who perceive Bahasa Melayu as ‘lacking prestige’ or suitable only for the ordinary public. Among the elite, including professionals, corporate leaders, and many affluent families living in urban areas, the use of English is seen as a symbol of social status and pride. Some are even proficient in more than two languages, yet they still marginalise Bahasa Melayu.
Norfaizal also acknowledged that social media and technological advancements have contributed to the further marginalisation of Bahasa Melayu among the younger generation. He explained that ‘bahasa rojak’ (mixed language) and foreign slang, widespread across digital platforms like YouTube, TikTok, Instagram, and WhatsApp, have compromised the accuracy and beauty of proper Malay usage.
Meanwhile, senior lecturer at the Centre for Core Studies, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) Dr Nur Jannah Bukhari also noted that the exclusive use of foreign languages at home can erode Malay proficiency among the younger generation. She said a balanced approach is needed by designating Malay as the main communication tool, while still allowing space for other languages.
She believes educational institutions must implement policies that reinforce Malay usage, especially in areas related to nationhood, history, civilisation, and literature. Consistent use of Malay in formal activities and academic writing will also instill a sense of pride and respect for the language among students.
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP) should play a more proactive role by intensifying translation efforts and producing practical, acceptable Malay terminology for tech terms. This can help embed Malay language culture, especially among the younger generation.