Kuala Lumpur: Ramadan is one of the most anticipated months for Muslims as it is a time to seek blessings and spiritual rewards. However, not everyone finds it easy to fulfill the third pillar of Islam-fasting during the month of Ramadan-especially those struggling with depression, anxiety disorder, and other mental health challenges. Unlike others, individuals with mental health conditions must summon additional inner strength to fast throughout Ramadan due to the challenges they face. Fasting requires abstaining from food, drink, and anything that invalidates the fast from dawn until sunset, and it is obligatory for every Muslim who is mentally sound and has reached puberty.
According to BERNAMA News Agency, Dr. Alizi Alias, a freelance consultant in organisational psychology and a part-time lecturer at the Royal College of Medicine Perak, explained the difficulties faced by Muslims with mental health conditions during the fasting month. Among the challenges they face are waking up for the sahur (predawn meal), lack of focus during tarawih prayers, and the tendency to fast for more than 24 hours, depending on the type and level of mental illness. Individuals with major depressive disorder or depression might struggle with basic acts of worship, while those with bipolar disorder might experience manic phases that disrupt their fasting routine.
Muslims with anxiety disorder may face difficulties maintaining focus during congregational tarawih prayers or experience panic attacks while breaking fast at communal gatherings. Additionally, those with obsessive-compulsive disorder might repeatedly perform ablution or struggle with doubts during prayers. Eating disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder further complicate the fasting experience, as individuals might skip meals or struggle with focus and restlessness during worship. Dr. Alizi emphasizes that while symptoms of mental health conditions are present year-round, they may become more apparent during Ramadan due to changes in routines and medication intake.
Dr. Alizi suggests that Muslims with mental health conditions can prepare for Ramadan by practising voluntary fasting to identify potential difficulties. He advises consulting with psychiatrists or clinical psychologists for guidance and mentions that while Ramadan is not a substitute for medication, it can enhance the recovery process. Caregivers also play a crucial role by providing support and understanding, encouraging those with mental health conditions to perform worship according to their abilities and emphasizing Allah’s compassion.
Dr. Khairul Azhar Meerangani, a senior lecturer at the Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, clarifies that fasting remains obligatory for most individuals with mental health issues, but exceptions exist for severe cases. Those at risk of experiencing significant distress due to fasting are permitted concessions, such as breaking their fast and compensating later. He underscores the flexibility of Islam in accommodating individual capabilities and promoting spiritual strength through acts of worship.
Ultimately, society’s role in fostering a compassionate environment is crucial. Dr. Khairul Azhar encourages support and understanding rather than judgment, emphasizing the importance of quality over quantity in worship. He advises individuals to begin Ramadan with a positive mindset and seek support from family and friends to manage daily routines disrupted during the holy month.